Every year millions of people from around the world embark on a religious pilgrimage. The topography of these religious sites is seldom exhibited despite the essential role they play when traversing a pilgrimage. Using GIS, analyses are completed of the topography of these sites by measuring their Terrain Ruggedness Index. The land coverage calculations document the anthropological convergence of culture and geography. This project highlights the value of aesthetics in cartography.
As the public space in the United States is increasingly a product of public-private partnerships (PPPs), there has been a stronger motivation to develop hostile architecture. Hostile architecture is built to prevent sleeping, laying, and loitering. While these design features specifically target homeless populations, they also reap an unintended impact on many Americans with disabilities.
During the heat of the summer, New Yorkers open fire hydrants as a way to cool off. It is a lesser know fact that the FDNY distributes free hydrant fixtures that efficiently spray water, thus conserving water while allowing for play. Using 311 service complaints to track the areas with the most open fire hydrants, these graphics demonstrate where the spray caps could have the greatest impact.
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